In Deep Water

From its zenith, Kunqu gradually declined, due to external and internal factors. From the late Ming Dynasty onwards, Kunqu was most often performed for the privileged classes and members of the imperial court, and gradually became removed from the reality of the broad masses, to become excessively formal and stylized. In the mid-Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) it underwent a decline.

The lyrics of Kunqu were originally elegant and flowery, but later became obscure to the point of incomprehensibility, and its melodies slowed down to a funereal level. Kunqu therefore became unacceptable to all but a few dedicated aficionados. The scope of themes also became narrower, and some plays were overlong. "The Peony Pavilion," for instance, consisted of 55 acts, and one performance lasted more than 20 hours. All these factors restricted the continued development and popularity of Kunqu, and it lost most of its audience.

Kunqu has for several centuries, undergone ups and downs in popularity, but its supreme status has never been challenged. Furthermore it has played a guiding role in the creation of other forms of traditional opera, and generated a dedicated following. Its role in fostering the spirit of the ‘Chinese men of letters’, living within Chinese feudal society cannot be underestimated.

Striving for revitalization

After being proclaimed a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage in 2001, kungqu has experienced somewhat of a rebirth in the past few years. Four classical plays, including “The Peony Pavilion” or “The Palace of Eternal Life”, have been restored and updated. Following the rapid and dramatic change in concepts and lifestyles of the Chinese people, the survival of Kunqu has equally faced an enormous challenge.

Amid much anticipation, the intriguing cooperation between the Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe and the Kunqu Opera museum will undoubtedly send ripples through the Kunqu circle, and wider theatrical appreciation circles, in one way or another. And for cultural connoisseurs this movement is welcomed.