Astronaut Scott Kelly used a small bottle to spread olive oil and balsamic vinegar on his leaf, much as one might spread ketchup on a hot dog.

The red romaine lettuce that was grown in a special box aboard the International Space Station made headlines earlier this week in a video from the orbiting outpost. While it's hardly the start of an intergalactic food-and-beverage industry, NASA says if space explorers can grow their own food while they are away from the Earth, they are more likely to survive the rigors of deep space exploration lasting months or even years.

Ray Wheeler, NASA's lead scientist for advanced life support activities at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, also says fresh foods that contain antioxidants, such as tomatoes, blueberries and red lettuce, "could have a positive impact on people's moods and also could provide some protection against radiation in space."

Veggie experiment

The red romaine lettuce was grown in a special plant-growing box called Veg-01 that was built by Orbital Sciences and was flown to space aboard the SpaceX Dragon cargo ship.

The seeds are contained in rooting pillows, complete with soil and fertilizer.

Since water cannot be poured in space, a special irrigation system delivers moisture to the plant pillows from below.

The seeds were "activated" by Kelly on July 8, and grew for 33 days.

"That's awesome," exclaims NASA astronaut Kjell Lindgren after this week's crop was harvested and sampled.

Wearing blue gloves, Lindgren harvested the lettuce with tongs and then placed the leaves on a tray. He cleaned them with citric acid-based, food-safe sanitizing wipes before handing them, in a Ziploc bag, to Kelly and Japanese astronaut Kimiya Yui.

They saved a couple of leaves for Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka, who were outside the station doing a spacewalk.

"They will eat half of the space bounty, setting aside the other half to be packaged and frozen on the station until it can be returned to Earth for scientific analysis," NASA says on its website.

A previous crop of lettuce was grown in space last year but was not eaten by astronauts. Instead, it underwent - and passed - food-safety tests back on Earth.

With no way to resupply a spacecraft making a long journey to and from Mars, the ability to cultivate food during the trip will be key to survival, says Kelly.

"Having the ability to grow our own food is a big step in that direction," he says.

(China Daily USA 08/17/2015 page8)